SD Dojavi
OSMRTNICE
PRETPLATA
PREMIUM
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Poljsko-američki geštalt psiholog i pionir socijalne psihologije Solomon Asch proveo je 1950. godine jedan od najpoznatijih i najkotroverznijih eksperimenata u povijesti. Cilj eksperimenta bio je provjeriti u kojoj mjeri mišljenje pojedinca ovisi o utjecaju većine. Rezultati su bili poražavajući, piše Buka.

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Eksperiment danas poznat kao "Aschova paradigma" imao je mnoge varijacije, ali je u suštini bio veoma jednostavan - ispitaniku bi se pokazala jedna linija određene dužine i tri druge linije. Njegov zadatak bio je da kaže koja od tri linije je iste dužine kao prva pokazana. Pritom, riječ nije bila o maloj razilci u dužini već je odgovor bio prilično očit.

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Screenshot/YouTube
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Ispitanik je postavljen u prostoriju sa sedam drugih ljudi koji su zapravo bili Aschovi suradnici, a da ispitanik to nije znao. Ispitanik je uvijek sjedio na kraju reda tako da je morao slušati odgovore onih prije njega.

U prvom slučaju, takozvanoj "kontrolnoj grupi", svaki ispitanik je trebao dati svoju samostalnu procjenu i oko 95 posto ljudi je dalo točan odgovor.

Daleko zanimljiviji su bili odgovori kad bi Aschovi suradnici dobili uputu namjerno griješe!

Ljudi su povodljivi

Nakon što bi čuli ljude prije sebe kako daju pogrešne odgovore, i ispitanici su odgovarali pogrešno. To se dokazalo u 80 posto slučajeva!

Kad su ih upitali zašto su pokazali liniju koja očigledno nije jednaka prethodno pokazanoj, odgovor je najčešće bio da nisu htjeli stršati, skretati pažnju na sebe ili stvoriti nesklad u grupi.

Daljnji eksperimenti su pokazali da konformizam ovisi i o broju ljudi u grupi. Učinak jedne osobe je vrlo mali (oko 5 posto). Kad je u grupi još dvoje ljudi, konformizam se povećava na 15 posto, zatim na 30 s troje i 35 posto s četvero ljudi.

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image
Screenshot/YouTube
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Konformizam ovisi i o dvosmislenosti zadatka. Asch je varirao dužinu razlike između linija za usporedbu. Što je razlika u dužini bila veća, to se konformizam smanjivao. Uopćeno, što je zadatak teži i dvosmisleniji, ljudi se više prilagođavaju.

Drugi zaključci

Nakon eksperimenta koji je izveden na 50 studenata u Americi dao je i druge zaključke. Što je grupa bila privlačnija, sklonost ka konformizmu prema grupnim normama bila je veća.

Ispitanici s visokim samopouzdanjem konformirali su se manje od onih s niskim samopouzdanjem, ali je s druge strane konformizam bio najveći kad su za slaganje sa netočnim odgovorima ispitanici bili nagrađivani.

Aschov zaključak bio je nedvosmislen - teško je odoljeti pritisku grupe i zadržati svoje "ja" u masi, piše Buka.

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Poljsko-američki geštalt psiholog i pionir socijalne psihologije Solomon Asch proveo je 1950. godine jedan od najpoznatijih i najkotroverznijih eksperimenata u povijesti. Cilj eksperimenta bio je provjeriti u kojoj mjeri mišljenje pojedinca ovisi o utjecaju većine. Rezultati su bili poražavajući, piše Buka.

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Eksperiment danas poznat kao "Aschova paradigma" imao je mnoge varijacije, ali je u suštini bio veoma jednostavan - ispitaniku bi se pokazala jedna linija određene dužine i tri druge linije. Njegov zadatak bio je da kaže koja od tri linije je iste dužine kao prva pokazana. Pritom, riječ nije bila o maloj razilci u dužini već je odgovor bio prilično očit.

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Screenshot/YouTube
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Ispitanik je postavljen u prostoriju sa sedam drugih ljudi koji su zapravo bili Aschovi suradnici, a da ispitanik to nije znao. Ispitanik je uvijek sjedio na kraju reda tako da je morao slušati odgovore onih prije njega.

U prvom slučaju, takozvanoj "kontrolnoj grupi", svaki ispitanik je trebao dati svoju samostalnu procjenu i oko 95 posto ljudi je dalo točan odgovor.

Daleko zanimljiviji su bili odgovori kad bi Aschovi suradnici dobili uputu namjerno griješe!

Ljudi su povodljivi

Nakon što bi čuli ljude prije sebe kako daju pogrešne odgovore, i ispitanici su odgovarali pogrešno. To se dokazalo u 80 posto slučajeva!

Kad su ih upitali zašto su pokazali liniju koja očigledno nije jednaka prethodno pokazanoj, odgovor je najčešće bio da nisu htjeli stršati, skretati pažnju na sebe ili stvoriti nesklad u grupi.

Daljnji eksperimenti su pokazali da konformizam ovisi i o broju ljudi u grupi. Učinak jedne osobe je vrlo mali (oko 5 posto). Kad je u grupi još dvoje ljudi, konformizam se povećava na 15 posto, zatim na 30 s troje i 35 posto s četvero ljudi.

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Screenshot/YouTube
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Konformizam ovisi i o dvosmislenosti zadatka. Asch je varirao dužinu razlike između linija za usporedbu. Što je razlika u dužini bila veća, to se konformizam smanjivao. Uopćeno, što je zadatak teži i dvosmisleniji, ljudi se više prilagođavaju.

Drugi zaključci

Nakon eksperimenta koji je izveden na 50 studenata u Americi dao je i druge zaključke. Što je grupa bila privlačnija, sklonost ka konformizmu prema grupnim normama bila je veća.

Ispitanici s visokim samopouzdanjem konformirali su se manje od onih s niskim samopouzdanjem, ali je s druge strane konformizam bio najveći kad su za slaganje sa netočnim odgovorima ispitanici bili nagrađivani.

Aschov zaključak bio je nedvosmislen - teško je odoljeti pritisku grupe i zadržati svoje "ja" u masi, piše Buka.

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StoryEditorOCM
PanoramaASCHOVA PARADIGMA

Kontroverzni psihološki eksperiment dokazao je da su ljudi "ovce": još prije 70 godina ispitana je ljudska sklonost konformizmu, rezultati su bili poražavajući

Piše PSD
15. studenog 2021. - 13:35
20015934
PREMIUM
Galerija
Screenshot/YouTube

Poljsko-američki geštalt psiholog i pionir socijalne psihologije Solomon Asch proveo je 1950. godine jedan od najpoznatijih i najkotroverznijih eksperimenata u povijesti. Cilj eksperimenta bio je provjeriti u kojoj mjeri mišljenje pojedinca ovisi o utjecaju većine. Rezultati su bili poražavajući, piše Buka.

Eksperiment danas poznat kao "Aschova paradigma" imao je mnoge varijacije, ali je u suštini bio veoma jednostavan - ispitaniku bi se pokazala jedna linija određene dužine i tri druge linije. Njegov zadatak bio je da kaže koja od tri linije je iste dužine kao prva pokazana. Pritom, riječ nije bila o maloj razilci u dužini već je odgovor bio prilično očit.

Ispitanik je postavljen u prostoriju sa sedam drugih ljudi koji su zapravo bili A...

#PSIHOLOGIJA#EKSPERIMENT#SOLOMON ASCH#KONFORMIZAM
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17. svibanj 2024 13:44