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[title] => Najstariji DNK na svijetu izvučen iz milijun godina starog zuba mamuta: san znanstvenika ostvario se zahvaljujući vječnom ledu
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Znanstvenici su uspjeli izvući genom star milijun godina iz zuba mamuta otkrivenog 70-ih godina prošlog stoljeća u sibirskom vječnom ledu, prenosi National Geographic.
Stručnjaci do sada nisu bili sigurni može li drevna DNK opstati duže od milijun godina. Kad organizam umre, njegovi se kromosomi raspadnu na dijelove koji s vremenom postaju sve kraći.
Lanci DNK nakon nekog vremena postanu toliko mali da, čak ako se i izvuku iz uzorka, u sebi ne sadrže korisne informacije.
Genetičar Ludovic Orlando iz Centra za antropobiologiju i genetiku u Toulouseu u Francuskoj i njegovi kolege uspjeli su izvući informacije iz kosti konja stare između 560.000 i 780.000 godina, nakon čega su se zapitali može li se to isto učiniti s još starijim uzorkom.
Bili su posebno optimistični kad je riječ o uzorku sačuvanom u permafrostu jer niske temperature vječnog leda usporavaju fragmentaciju DNK.
Love Dalen, genetičar iz Švedskog prirodoslovnog muzeja (SMNH) u Stockholmu, bavi se sekvenciranjem starih ostataka mamuta od 2007. godine, a nedavno je uspio ostvariti san svojih kolega iz Francuske.
Njegov tim je sekvencirao uzorke, jedan vunenog mamuta (mammuthus primigenius) i dva stepskog mamuta (mammuthus trogontherii) čije su kosti iskopane u 70-im godinama prošlog stoljeća.
Dalen se nadao da bi DNK iz uzoraka mogao dati neke odgovore na pitanja o evoluciji vunenih mamuta, ali je bio vrlo sumnjičav zbog kvalitete uzoraka.
- Nije sve što se nalazi u vječnom ledu očuvano. Velika većina uzoraka ima bezvezni DNK - kazao je tada.
Međutim, zahvaljujući napretku u tehnologiji sekvenciranja i bioinformatike, njegov tim je naposljetku uspio izvući 49 milijuna baznih parova nuklearne DNK iz najstarijeg uzorka, pronađenog u blizini sela Krestovka, i 884 milijuna baznih parova iz drugog zuba koji pripada uzorku nazvanom Adycha.
DNK analiza je pokazala da je uzorak iz Krestovke star 1,65 milijuna godina, a uzorak Adyche oko 1,3 milijuna.
Ova dva najstarija zuba pripadala su, izgleda, stepskim mamutima, europskoj vrsti za koju se smatra da je prethodila vunenim i kolumbijskim mamutima, prenosi National Geographic.
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Znanstvenici su uspjeli izvući genom star milijun godina iz zuba mamuta otkrivenog 70-ih godina prošlog stoljeća u sibirskom vječnom ledu, prenosi National Geographic.
Stručnjaci do sada nisu bili sigurni može li drevna DNK opstati duže od milijun godina. Kad organizam umre, njegovi se kromosomi raspadnu na dijelove koji s vremenom postaju sve kraći.
Lanci DNK nakon nekog vremena postanu toliko mali da, čak ako se i izvuku iz uzorka, u sebi ne sadrže korisne informacije.
Genetičar Ludovic Orlando iz Centra za antropobiologiju i genetiku u Toulouseu u Francuskoj i njegovi kolege uspjeli su izvući informacije iz kosti konja stare između 560.000 i 780.000 godina, nakon čega su se zapitali može li se to isto učiniti s još starijim uzorkom.
Bili su posebno optimistični kad je riječ o uzorku sačuvanom u permafrostu jer niske temperature vječnog leda usporavaju fragmentaciju DNK.
Love Dalen, genetičar iz Švedskog prirodoslovnog muzeja (SMNH) u Stockholmu, bavi se sekvenciranjem starih ostataka mamuta od 2007. godine, a nedavno je uspio ostvariti san svojih kolega iz Francuske.
Njegov tim je sekvencirao uzorke, jedan vunenog mamuta (mammuthus primigenius) i dva stepskog mamuta (mammuthus trogontherii) čije su kosti iskopane u 70-im godinama prošlog stoljeća.
Dalen se nadao da bi DNK iz uzoraka mogao dati neke odgovore na pitanja o evoluciji vunenih mamuta, ali je bio vrlo sumnjičav zbog kvalitete uzoraka.
- Nije sve što se nalazi u vječnom ledu očuvano. Velika većina uzoraka ima bezvezni DNK - kazao je tada.
Međutim, zahvaljujući napretku u tehnologiji sekvenciranja i bioinformatike, njegov tim je naposljetku uspio izvući 49 milijuna baznih parova nuklearne DNK iz najstarijeg uzorka, pronađenog u blizini sela Krestovka, i 884 milijuna baznih parova iz drugog zuba koji pripada uzorku nazvanom Adycha.
DNK analiza je pokazala da je uzorak iz Krestovke star 1,65 milijuna godina, a uzorak Adyche oko 1,3 milijuna.
Ova dva najstarija zuba pripadala su, izgleda, stepskim mamutima, europskoj vrsti za koju se smatra da je prethodila vunenim i kolumbijskim mamutima, prenosi National Geographic.
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12. svibanj 2024 02:56
