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Erupcija vulkana Hunga u polinezijskom arhipelagu i kraljevstvu Tonga u siječnju 2022. iznenadila je istraživače svojom eksplozivnom snagom.

Istraživači iz SAD-a su otkrili šokantne podatke o erupciji, s procjenom da je u samo 11 sati oblak pepela i vodene pare generirao iznenađujućih 192.000 munja, izvještava Science Alert.

Munje su dosegnule nevjerojatnih 2.615 udara u minuti, čineći tu oluju najintenzivnijom u povijesti. Također su primijećene najveće ikad zabilježene munje, udaljene od 20 do 30 kilometara iznad mora.

Erupcija Hunga je službeno najveća eksplozivna erupcija u ovom stoljeću, uz oblak vode, pepela i plinova koji je dosezao visinu od 58 kilometara.

Vulkanologinja Alexa Van Eaton iz Geološkog zavoda u SAD-u opisuje erupciju kao stvaranje neviđene nabijene oluje koja je pružila novi alat za nadzor vulkana i upozorenje zrakoplovima.

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Novi alat kombinira optička i radijska mjerenja, prikupljena putem satelita i radijskih antena na kopnu, kako bi se detektirali električni impulsi.

Kombiniranjem tih podataka, istraživači su u stvarnom vremenu simulirali oluju iznad Hunga, unatoč veličini i gustoći oblaka dima koji je izlazio iz vulkana. Opservacije su otkrile da je erupcija trajala dulje nego što se prvotno pretpostavljalo te je generirala gotovo pola milijarde električnih impulsa.

Ogromna erupcija poput ove je posljedica eksplozije koja se dogodila ispod površine vode, gdje se magme pretvorila u paru. Susret vulkanskog pepela, ohlađene vode i tuče stvorio je idealne uvjete za stvaranje ogromne oluje.

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Razvoj vulkanskog oblaka, s munjama u plavoj boji.

(Van Eaton i dr., Geophysical Research Letters, 2023.)
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Istraživanja su otkrila više detalja o samoj erupciji i oblaku koji je nastao. Munje su "surfale" na velikim valovima koji su se formirali zbog erupcije na jugu Pacifika, a turbulencije na visokim razinama su slale valove materijala. Ti valovi su stvarali prstenje široko do 250 kilometara.

Istraživači su bili šokirani razmjerima tih prstenova, koje prije nisu vidjeli. Ništa slično nije se moglo usporediti s meteorološkim olujama koje su ranije zabilježene. Otkriveno je četiri odvojene faze erupcije koje nisu bile primijećene prije, a to će pomoći u boljem predviđanju erupcija i povećanju sigurnosti ljudi koji žive na vulkanski aktivnim područjima.

Ovaj tip erupcije, nazvan preatoplinska erupcija, ranije nije bio zabilježen u stvarnim podacima. Geološki arhivi su ukazivali na mogućnost ovakvog fenomena, no sada imamo priliku proučiti detalje izravno.

“To je bilo kao da ste našli dinosaura kako hoda okolo”, kaže Van Eaton. “Jednostavno ostanete bez daha.”

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Razvoj vulkanskog oblaka, s munjama u plavoj boji.

(Van Eaton i dr., Geophysical Research Letters, 2023.) ) ) [bgPosition] => [text] => {OCMSplitter}

Erupcija vulkana Hunga u polinezijskom arhipelagu i kraljevstvu Tonga u siječnju 2022. iznenadila je istraživače svojom eksplozivnom snagom.

Istraživači iz SAD-a su otkrili šokantne podatke o erupciji, s procjenom da je u samo 11 sati oblak pepela i vodene pare generirao iznenađujućih 192.000 munja, izvještava Science Alert.

Munje su dosegnule nevjerojatnih 2.615 udara u minuti, čineći tu oluju najintenzivnijom u povijesti. Također su primijećene najveće ikad zabilježene munje, udaljene od 20 do 30 kilometara iznad mora.

Erupcija Hunga je službeno najveća eksplozivna erupcija u ovom stoljeću, uz oblak vode, pepela i plinova koji je dosezao visinu od 58 kilometara.

Vulkanologinja Alexa Van Eaton iz Geološkog zavoda u SAD-u opisuje erupciju kao stvaranje neviđene nabijene oluje koja je pružila novi alat za nadzor vulkana i upozorenje zrakoplovima.

---

---

Novi alat kombinira optička i radijska mjerenja, prikupljena putem satelita i radijskih antena na kopnu, kako bi se detektirali električni impulsi.

Kombiniranjem tih podataka, istraživači su u stvarnom vremenu simulirali oluju iznad Hunga, unatoč veličini i gustoći oblaka dima koji je izlazio iz vulkana. Opservacije su otkrile da je erupcija trajala dulje nego što se prvotno pretpostavljalo te je generirala gotovo pola milijarde električnih impulsa.

Ogromna erupcija poput ove je posljedica eksplozije koja se dogodila ispod površine vode, gdje se magme pretvorila u paru. Susret vulkanskog pepela, ohlađene vode i tuče stvorio je idealne uvjete za stvaranje ogromne oluje.

---

image

Razvoj vulkanskog oblaka, s munjama u plavoj boji.

(Van Eaton i dr., Geophysical Research Letters, 2023.)
---

Istraživanja su otkrila više detalja o samoj erupciji i oblaku koji je nastao. Munje su "surfale" na velikim valovima koji su se formirali zbog erupcije na jugu Pacifika, a turbulencije na visokim razinama su slale valove materijala. Ti valovi su stvarali prstenje široko do 250 kilometara.

Istraživači su bili šokirani razmjerima tih prstenova, koje prije nisu vidjeli. Ništa slično nije se moglo usporediti s meteorološkim olujama koje su ranije zabilježene. Otkriveno je četiri odvojene faze erupcije koje nisu bile primijećene prije, a to će pomoći u boljem predviđanju erupcija i povećanju sigurnosti ljudi koji žive na vulkanski aktivnim područjima.

Ovaj tip erupcije, nazvan preatoplinska erupcija, ranije nije bio zabilježen u stvarnim podacima. Geološki arhivi su ukazivali na mogućnost ovakvog fenomena, no sada imamo priliku proučiti detalje izravno.

“To je bilo kao da ste našli dinosaura kako hoda okolo”, kaže Van Eaton. “Jednostavno ostanete bez daha.”

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Sakkmesterke/science Photo Libra/Science Photo Library Via Afp (Van Eaton i dr., Geophysical Research Letters, 2023.)
(Van Eaton i dr., Geophysical Research Letters, 2023.)

Razvoj vulkanskog oblaka, s munjama u plavoj boji.
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Znanstvenici ostali šokirani erupcijom vukana koja je izazvala oluju od 192.000 munja. ‘To je kao dinosaur koji hoda‘

Piše vijesti sd
22. lipnja 2023. - 16:44
25142054
Sakkmesterke/science Photo Libra/Science Photo Library Via Afp

Erupcija vulkana Hunga u polinezijskom arhipelagu i kraljevstvu Tonga u siječnju 2022. iznenadila je istraživače svojom eksplozivnom snagom.

Istraživači iz SAD-a su otkrili šokantne podatke o erupciji, s procjenom da je u samo 11 sati oblak pepela i vodene pare generirao iznenađujućih 192.000 munja, izvještava Science Alert.

Munje su dosegnule nevjerojatnih 2.615 udara u minuti, čineći tu oluju najintenzivnijom u povijesti. Također su primijećene najveće ikad zabilježene munje, udaljene od 20 do 30 kilometara iznad mora.

Erupcija Hunga je službeno najveća eksplozivna erupcija u ovom stoljeću, uz oblak vode, pepela i plinova koji je dosezao visinu od 58 kilometara.

Vulkanologinja Alexa Van Eaton iz Geološkog zavoda u SAD-u opisuje erupciju kao stvaranje neviđene nabijene oluje koja je pružila novi alat za nadzor vulkana i upozorenje zrakoplovima.

Novi alat kombinira optička i radijska mjerenja, prikupljena putem satelita i radijskih antena na kopnu, kako bi se detektirali električni impulsi.

Kombiniranjem tih podataka, istraživači su u stvarnom vremenu simulirali oluju iznad Hunga, unatoč veličini i gustoći oblaka dima koji je izlazio iz vulkana. Opservacije su otkrile da je erupcija trajala dulje nego što se prvotno pretpostavljalo te je generirala gotovo pola milijarde električnih impulsa.

Ogromna erupcija poput ove je posljedica eksplozije koja se dogodila ispod površine vode, gdje se magme pretvorila u paru. Susret vulkanskog pepela, ohlađene vode i tuče stvorio je idealne uvjete za stvaranje ogromne oluje.

image

Razvoj vulkanskog oblaka, s munjama u plavoj boji.

(Van Eaton i dr., Geophysical Research Letters, 2023.)

Istraživanja su otkrila više detalja o samoj erupciji i oblaku koji je nastao. Munje su "surfale" na velikim valovima koji su se formirali zbog erupcije na jugu Pacifika, a turbulencije na visokim razinama su slale valove materijala. Ti valovi su stvarali prstenje široko do 250 kilometara.

Istraživači su bili šokirani razmjerima tih prstenova, koje prije nisu vidjeli. Ništa slično nije se moglo usporediti s meteorološkim olujama koje su ranije zabilježene. Otkriveno je četiri odvojene faze erupcije koje nisu bile primijećene prije, a to će pomoći u boljem predviđanju erupcija i povećanju sigurnosti ljudi koji žive na vulkanski aktivnim područjima.

Ovaj tip erupcije, nazvan preatoplinska erupcija, ranije nije bio zabilježen u stvarnim podacima. Geološki arhivi su ukazivali na mogućnost ovakvog fenomena, no sada imamo priliku proučiti detalje izravno.

“To je bilo kao da ste našli dinosaura kako hoda okolo”, kaže Van Eaton. “Jednostavno ostanete bez daha.”

#HUNGA#MUNJE#VULKAN
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