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Za razliku od prijašnjih vremena, žene danas ne žure s trudnoćom. One svoju mladost većinski posvete karijeri, kako bi kasnije svome djetetu pružile ugodan život. Zbog toga se mnoge u zrelijoj dobi susreću s poteškoćama u začeću. Naime, istraživanje rađeno na tisuću žena između 18 i 40 godina u SAD-u pokazalo je da 20 posto njih nije svjesno utjecaja starosti na njihovu plodnost, piše National Geographics.

"Prosječne godine u kojima žene žele zatrudnjeti stalno se povećavaju", tvrdi Dr. Tarun Jain, reproduktivni endokrinolog i medicinski direktor Centra za plodnost i reproduktivnu medicinu u Chicagu.

"Mnoge žene se iskreno iznenade kada saznaju koliko plodnost opada s godinama", dodaje Jain. Kako žene "stare", dodaje, "plodnost opada, a raste stopa pobačaja i šansa za urođene mane kod ploda. Sve je to bolnije što žena postaje starija."

Prema Američkom koledžu akušera i ginekologa, žena će najlakše zatrudnjeti između kasnih tinejdžerskih i kasnih 20-ih godina. Već oko 30. godine plodnost žene počinje opadati, a nakon 35. pada ubrzanijom stopom. Prije 30-ih žene imaju 85 posto šanse da zatrudne u razdoblju unutar godine dana, dok nakon 35 godina ta šansa pada na 66 posto. U 40- ima žena ima samo 44 posto šanse da zatrudni u roku od 12 mjeseci.

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Što smanjuje plodnost?

Žene ne proizvode jajne stanice, već se rađaju s otprilike jedan do dva milijuna takvih stanica u svome tijelu. Naravno, kada krene pubertet, njihov iznos pada na 300.000 do 500.000 jajnih stanica i odatle one nastavljaju svoju silaznu putanju. "Mnoge žene misle da gube jednu po jednu jajnu ćeliju, ali to je zapravo od 10 do 20 mjesečno", kaže Jain.

Kada se zrela jajna stanica tijekom ovulacije oslobodi iz jajnika, slijedi period od 12 do 24 sata kada ona može postati oplođena spermom, dok ostale jajne stanice odumiru procesom koji se zove apoptoza", objašnjava Jain. 

Osim što dok starimo količinski gubimo jajne stanice, također opada i njihova kvaliteta. 

Jajne stanice koje do 45. ili 50. godine ostanu u jajnicima uglavnom su kromosomski abnormalne, a takve stanice većinski ne dozvoljavaju oplodnju. tvrdi Joseph Hill, reproduktivni endokrinolog i specijalist za plodnost.

Ovakvu nesreću nemaju muškarci. Iako se kvaliteta sperme s vremenom pomalo pogoršava, prema Američkom društvu za reproduktivnu medicinu "ne postoji maksimalna starost u kojoj muškarac ne može da bude otac."

Uz dob, na brzinu odumiranja jajnih stanica kod žena utječu i drugi faktori, kao na primjer genetika. "Rezerva jajnih stanica kod nekih žena jednostavno opada brže nego kod drugih", primećuje Jain. "Vjerojatno postoji neka vrsta biološkog programiranja koja je vezana za to. Osim toga, važan je i način života žene, njezina izloženost različitim toksinima i određena medicinska stanja kojima je sklona. 

Za jajne stanice jako je toksično i pušenje, zbog čega žene koje puše često prolaze kroz menopauzu ranije. Studija u izdanju časopisa "PLoS One" iz 2022. godine otkrila je da žene koje puše više od 10 cigareta dnevno ili puše godinama imaju veći rizik od bržeg smanjenja broja jajnih stanica. Pretilost također može imati negativan utjecaj na reproduktivnu sposobnost ženinog tijela. 

Studija BMJ-a iz 2016. godine je otkrila i da su žene starosti od 21 do 45 godina, koje su konzumirale velike količine alkohola imale 18 posto manje šanse da zatrudne za godinu dana.

Postoje još neki faktori koji nisu povezani s kvalitetom jajnih stanica, a mogu ugroziti plodnost žene. Spolno prenosive bolesti poput klamidije ili gonoreje mog začepiti jajovode, što može smanjiti plodnost.

Hormonski poremećaji koji ometaju ovulaciju također mogu biti ugrožavajući za ženin spolni sustav. Sindrom policističnih jajnika, posebice u kombinaciji s viškom kilograma ili inzulinskom rezistencijom vjerojatno će izazvati probleme s plodnošću. Ako je žena ikada primala kemoterapiju, mora znati da i to može utjecati na njezine spolne stanice.

"Mnoge žene ne razumiju da na plodnost utječe više faktora", kaže R. Kate Byron. Kada je u pitanju zdravlje jajnih stanica, starenje je definitivno najveći udarac plodnosti žene, zbog čega se preporučuje planirati trudnoću do 35. godine, savjetuje Byron i dodaje da ako to ne želite, barem razmislite o zamrzavanju vaših jajnih stanica. 

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Za razliku od prijašnjih vremena, žene danas ne žure s trudnoćom. One svoju mladost većinski posvete karijeri, kako bi kasnije svome djetetu pružile ugodan život. Zbog toga se mnoge u zrelijoj dobi susreću s poteškoćama u začeću. Naime, istraživanje rađeno na tisuću žena između 18 i 40 godina u SAD-u pokazalo je da 20 posto njih nije svjesno utjecaja starosti na njihovu plodnost, piše National Geographics.

"Prosječne godine u kojima žene žele zatrudnjeti stalno se povećavaju", tvrdi Dr. Tarun Jain, reproduktivni endokrinolog i medicinski direktor Centra za plodnost i reproduktivnu medicinu u Chicagu.

"Mnoge žene se iskreno iznenade kada saznaju koliko plodnost opada s godinama", dodaje Jain. Kako žene "stare", dodaje, "plodnost opada, a raste stopa pobačaja i šansa za urođene mane kod ploda. Sve je to bolnije što žena postaje starija."

Prema Američkom koledžu akušera i ginekologa, žena će najlakše zatrudnjeti između kasnih tinejdžerskih i kasnih 20-ih godina. Već oko 30. godine plodnost žene počinje opadati, a nakon 35. pada ubrzanijom stopom. Prije 30-ih žene imaju 85 posto šanse da zatrudne u razdoblju unutar godine dana, dok nakon 35 godina ta šansa pada na 66 posto. U 40- ima žena ima samo 44 posto šanse da zatrudni u roku od 12 mjeseci.

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Shutterstock
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Što smanjuje plodnost?

Žene ne proizvode jajne stanice, već se rađaju s otprilike jedan do dva milijuna takvih stanica u svome tijelu. Naravno, kada krene pubertet, njihov iznos pada na 300.000 do 500.000 jajnih stanica i odatle one nastavljaju svoju silaznu putanju. "Mnoge žene misle da gube jednu po jednu jajnu ćeliju, ali to je zapravo od 10 do 20 mjesečno", kaže Jain.

Kada se zrela jajna stanica tijekom ovulacije oslobodi iz jajnika, slijedi period od 12 do 24 sata kada ona može postati oplođena spermom, dok ostale jajne stanice odumiru procesom koji se zove apoptoza", objašnjava Jain. 

Osim što dok starimo količinski gubimo jajne stanice, također opada i njihova kvaliteta. 

Jajne stanice koje do 45. ili 50. godine ostanu u jajnicima uglavnom su kromosomski abnormalne, a takve stanice većinski ne dozvoljavaju oplodnju. tvrdi Joseph Hill, reproduktivni endokrinolog i specijalist za plodnost.

Ovakvu nesreću nemaju muškarci. Iako se kvaliteta sperme s vremenom pomalo pogoršava, prema Američkom društvu za reproduktivnu medicinu "ne postoji maksimalna starost u kojoj muškarac ne može da bude otac."

Uz dob, na brzinu odumiranja jajnih stanica kod žena utječu i drugi faktori, kao na primjer genetika. "Rezerva jajnih stanica kod nekih žena jednostavno opada brže nego kod drugih", primećuje Jain. "Vjerojatno postoji neka vrsta biološkog programiranja koja je vezana za to. Osim toga, važan je i način života žene, njezina izloženost različitim toksinima i određena medicinska stanja kojima je sklona. 

Za jajne stanice jako je toksično i pušenje, zbog čega žene koje puše često prolaze kroz menopauzu ranije. Studija u izdanju časopisa "PLoS One" iz 2022. godine otkrila je da žene koje puše više od 10 cigareta dnevno ili puše godinama imaju veći rizik od bržeg smanjenja broja jajnih stanica. Pretilost također može imati negativan utjecaj na reproduktivnu sposobnost ženinog tijela. 

Studija BMJ-a iz 2016. godine je otkrila i da su žene starosti od 21 do 45 godina, koje su konzumirale velike količine alkohola imale 18 posto manje šanse da zatrudne za godinu dana.

Postoje još neki faktori koji nisu povezani s kvalitetom jajnih stanica, a mogu ugroziti plodnost žene. Spolno prenosive bolesti poput klamidije ili gonoreje mog začepiti jajovode, što može smanjiti plodnost.

Hormonski poremećaji koji ometaju ovulaciju također mogu biti ugrožavajući za ženin spolni sustav. Sindrom policističnih jajnika, posebice u kombinaciji s viškom kilograma ili inzulinskom rezistencijom vjerojatno će izazvati probleme s plodnošću. Ako je žena ikada primala kemoterapiju, mora znati da i to može utjecati na njezine spolne stanice.

"Mnoge žene ne razumiju da na plodnost utječe više faktora", kaže R. Kate Byron. Kada je u pitanju zdravlje jajnih stanica, starenje je definitivno najveći udarac plodnosti žene, zbog čega se preporučuje planirati trudnoću do 35. godine, savjetuje Byron i dodaje da ako to ne želite, barem razmislite o zamrzavanju vaših jajnih stanica. 

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StoryEditorOCM
Zdravlje‘Mnoge ne razumiju‘

Otkucava li ženama starijima od trideset biološki sat? Evo što struka kaže o kasnim trudnoćama i što smanjuje plodnost

Piše MOZAIK SD
9. veljače 2023. - 06:43
24278763
PREMIUM
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Za razliku od prijašnjih vremena, žene danas ne žure s trudnoćom. One svoju mladost većinski posvete karijeri, kako bi kasnije svome djetetu pružile ugodan život. Zbog toga se mnoge u zrelijoj dobi susreću s poteškoćama u začeću. Naime, istraživanje rađeno na tisuću žena između 18 i 40 godina u SAD-u pokazalo je da 20 posto njih nije svjesno utjecaja starosti na njihovu plodnost, piše National Geographics.

"Prosječne godine u kojima žene žele zatrudnjeti stalno se povećavaju", tvrdi Dr. Tarun Jain, reproduktivni endokrinolog i medicinski direktor Centra za plodnost i reproduktivnu medicinu u Chicagu.

"Mnoge žene se iskreno iznenade kada saznaju koliko plodnost opada s godinama", dodaje Jain. Kako žene "stare", dodaje, "plodnost opada, a raste stopa pobačaja i šans...

#PLODNOST#JAJNE STANICE#TRUDNOĆA
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