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Kada su veliki potres i tsunami 11. ožujka 2011. pogodili Japan te uništili gradove i doveli do taljenja jezgre nuklearnog reaktora u elektrani Daiichi u prefekturi Fukushima, zaprepašteni građani svijeta gledali su kako se pokušava sanirati najgora nuklearna nesreća od one u Černobilskoj nuklearnoj elektrani koja se zbila 26. travnja 1986. godine.

Valovi koje je uzrokovao potres magnitude devet prema Richterovoj ljestvici zapljusnuli su sjeveroistočnu obalu Japana te ubili gotovo 20 tisuća ljudi i onemogućili rad nuklearne elektrane Daiichi. Radijacija koja se proširila zrakom natjerala je 160 tisuća stanovnika obližnjih gradova da pobjegnu, piše Reuters.

Neki, a među njima i tadašnji premijer Naoto Kan, tada su strahovali da će morati evakuirati i stanovnike Tokija, ali i da bi ga mogle zadesiti i ozbiljnije nedaće.

"Fukushima je ušla u povijest nuklearne energije", rekao je Kiyoshi Kurokawa, voditelj istrage nesreće koja je zaključila da ju je uzrokovao čovjek.

Vlada Japana potrošila je oko 300 milijardi američkih dolara kako bi obnovila regiju Tohoku koja je nastradala od tsunamija.

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Philip Fong/AFP
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Politika nepromijenjena

Području oko same elektrane još se uvijek ne može pristupiti zbog straha od radijacije. Mnogi žitelji tog područja preselili su drugdje. Proces umirovljenja oštećene elektrane trajat će desetljećima i koštat će više milijardi dolara.

Japan ponovno raspravlja u ulozi nuklearne energije u svom energetskom miksu jer planira postati ugljično neutralan do 2050. godine kako bi se borio protiv globalnog zagrijavanja. Nedavna anketa koju je provela javna televizija NHK pokazala je, međutim, da 85 posto stanovnika zemlje brine zbog nuklearnih nesreća.

Energetska politika države ostala je nepromijenjena nakon što se Liberalno demokratska stranka Shinza Abea, zagovornica nuklearne energije, na izborima u prosincu 2012. godine vratila na vlast i porazila Demokratsku stranku koja je bila na vlasti kada se dogodila nesreća u elektrani.

"Ostavili su da stvari plutaju", rekao je Tobias Harris, viši potpredsjednik u konzultantskoj tvrtki Teneo i autor knjige o Abeu.

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Philip Fong/AFP
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Inspektori Međunarodne agencije za atomsku energiju elektranu su obišli krajem svibnja 2011. godine

Kurokawino povjerenstvo, koje je imenovao parlament, zaključio je 2012. godine da je do nesreće u nuklearnoj elektrani Daiichi došlo zbog koluzije između vlade, regulatornih tijela i tvrtke Tokyo Electric Power te zbog neaktivnosti vlasti.

Zaštita interesa

Abe, čija je stranka pobijedila i na izborima 2014. i 2017. godine, podnio je ostavku na mjesto premijera 2020. godine, a njegov nasljednik Yoshihide Suga obznanio je da Japan ugljičnu neutralnost želi postići do 2050. godine.

Zagovornici nuklearne energije kažu da je ona ključna za dekarbonizaciju. Kritičari iste kažu da je treba izbjegavati zbog visokih troškova infrastrukture, sigurnosnih izazova koje ona predstavlja te izazovnosti zbrinjavanja nuklearnog otpada.

"Oni koji pričaju o nuklearnoj energiji nalaze se u 'nukleranom selu', žele zaštititi svoje interese", rekao je prošlog tjedna bivši premijer Kan.

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Philip Fong/AFP
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Prosvjeda kojih je bilo nakon nesreće više nema, no nepovjerenje prema nuklearnoj energiji još je uvijek prisutno.

Pedeset i tri posto sudionika nacionalne ankete, koju su u veljači ove godine provele dnevne novine Asahi, protivi se ponovnom pokretanju reaktora u elektrani Daiichi, dok je za pokretanje glasalo 32 posto ispitanika. U istovrsnoj anketi koja je provedena u prefekturi Fukushima samo je 16 posto ispitanika bilo za ponovno pokretanje reaktora.

Obnovljivi izvori

"Prošlo je 10 godina i neki su ljudi zaboravili. Predanosti nema", rekao je za Reuters Yu Uchiyama, profesor političkih znanosti na Sveučilištu u Tokiju. "Neće doći do ponovnog pokretanja pa neki ljudi misle da će nuklearna energija nestati ako dovoljno pričekaju."

Sigurnosni standardi u nuklearnim elektranama ažurirani su nakon nesreće u Fukushimi. Isti dopuštaju da se u pogon pusti samo devet od 33 preostala komercijalna nuklearna reaktora, a trenutno rade samo četiri. Prije nesreće radila su 54.

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Philip Fong/AFP
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Nuklearne elektrane namirivale su tek šest posto japanskih energetskih potreba u prvoj polovici 2020. godine. Nešto više od 23 posto potreba namireno je iz obnovljivih izvora energije, a gotovo 70 posto iz fosilnih goriva. Noviji poslovni lobiji snažno zagovaraju oslanjanje na obnovljive izvore energije.

"Japan oskudijeva prirodnim resursima i ne bismo samo tako trebali otpisati nuklearnu opciju", rekao je savjetnik vlade za energetsku politiku Takeo Kikkawa. "No, pravo stanje stvari kaže da je budućnost nuklearne energije poprilično crna."

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Kada su veliki potres i tsunami 11. ožujka 2011. pogodili Japan te uništili gradove i doveli do taljenja jezgre nuklearnog reaktora u elektrani Daiichi u prefekturi Fukushima, zaprepašteni građani svijeta gledali su kako se pokušava sanirati najgora nuklearna nesreća od one u Černobilskoj nuklearnoj elektrani koja se zbila 26. travnja 1986. godine.

Valovi koje je uzrokovao potres magnitude devet prema Richterovoj ljestvici zapljusnuli su sjeveroistočnu obalu Japana te ubili gotovo 20 tisuća ljudi i onemogućili rad nuklearne elektrane Daiichi. Radijacija koja se proširila zrakom natjerala je 160 tisuća stanovnika obližnjih gradova da pobjegnu, piše Reuters.

Neki, a među njima i tadašnji premijer Naoto Kan, tada su strahovali da će morati evakuirati i stanovnike Tokija, ali i da bi ga mogle zadesiti i ozbiljnije nedaće.

"Fukushima je ušla u povijest nuklearne energije", rekao je Kiyoshi Kurokawa, voditelj istrage nesreće koja je zaključila da ju je uzrokovao čovjek.

Vlada Japana potrošila je oko 300 milijardi američkih dolara kako bi obnovila regiju Tohoku koja je nastradala od tsunamija.

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Philip Fong/AFP
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Politika nepromijenjena

Području oko same elektrane još se uvijek ne može pristupiti zbog straha od radijacije. Mnogi žitelji tog područja preselili su drugdje. Proces umirovljenja oštećene elektrane trajat će desetljećima i koštat će više milijardi dolara.

Japan ponovno raspravlja u ulozi nuklearne energije u svom energetskom miksu jer planira postati ugljično neutralan do 2050. godine kako bi se borio protiv globalnog zagrijavanja. Nedavna anketa koju je provela javna televizija NHK pokazala je, međutim, da 85 posto stanovnika zemlje brine zbog nuklearnih nesreća.

Energetska politika države ostala je nepromijenjena nakon što se Liberalno demokratska stranka Shinza Abea, zagovornica nuklearne energije, na izborima u prosincu 2012. godine vratila na vlast i porazila Demokratsku stranku koja je bila na vlasti kada se dogodila nesreća u elektrani.

"Ostavili su da stvari plutaju", rekao je Tobias Harris, viši potpredsjednik u konzultantskoj tvrtki Teneo i autor knjige o Abeu.

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Philip Fong/AFP
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Inspektori Međunarodne agencije za atomsku energiju elektranu su obišli krajem svibnja 2011. godine

Kurokawino povjerenstvo, koje je imenovao parlament, zaključio je 2012. godine da je do nesreće u nuklearnoj elektrani Daiichi došlo zbog koluzije između vlade, regulatornih tijela i tvrtke Tokyo Electric Power te zbog neaktivnosti vlasti.

Zaštita interesa

Abe, čija je stranka pobijedila i na izborima 2014. i 2017. godine, podnio je ostavku na mjesto premijera 2020. godine, a njegov nasljednik Yoshihide Suga obznanio je da Japan ugljičnu neutralnost želi postići do 2050. godine.

Zagovornici nuklearne energije kažu da je ona ključna za dekarbonizaciju. Kritičari iste kažu da je treba izbjegavati zbog visokih troškova infrastrukture, sigurnosnih izazova koje ona predstavlja te izazovnosti zbrinjavanja nuklearnog otpada.

"Oni koji pričaju o nuklearnoj energiji nalaze se u 'nukleranom selu', žele zaštititi svoje interese", rekao je prošlog tjedna bivši premijer Kan.

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Philip Fong/AFP
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Prosvjeda kojih je bilo nakon nesreće više nema, no nepovjerenje prema nuklearnoj energiji još je uvijek prisutno.

Pedeset i tri posto sudionika nacionalne ankete, koju su u veljači ove godine provele dnevne novine Asahi, protivi se ponovnom pokretanju reaktora u elektrani Daiichi, dok je za pokretanje glasalo 32 posto ispitanika. U istovrsnoj anketi koja je provedena u prefekturi Fukushima samo je 16 posto ispitanika bilo za ponovno pokretanje reaktora.

Obnovljivi izvori

"Prošlo je 10 godina i neki su ljudi zaboravili. Predanosti nema", rekao je za Reuters Yu Uchiyama, profesor političkih znanosti na Sveučilištu u Tokiju. "Neće doći do ponovnog pokretanja pa neki ljudi misle da će nuklearna energija nestati ako dovoljno pričekaju."

Sigurnosni standardi u nuklearnim elektranama ažurirani su nakon nesreće u Fukushimi. Isti dopuštaju da se u pogon pusti samo devet od 33 preostala komercijalna nuklearna reaktora, a trenutno rade samo četiri. Prije nesreće radila su 54.

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Philip Fong/AFP
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Nuklearne elektrane namirivale su tek šest posto japanskih energetskih potreba u prvoj polovici 2020. godine. Nešto više od 23 posto potreba namireno je iz obnovljivih izvora energije, a gotovo 70 posto iz fosilnih goriva. Noviji poslovni lobiji snažno zagovaraju oslanjanje na obnovljive izvore energije.

"Japan oskudijeva prirodnim resursima i ne bismo samo tako trebali otpisati nuklearnu opciju", rekao je savjetnik vlade za energetsku politiku Takeo Kikkawa. "No, pravo stanje stvari kaže da je budućnost nuklearne energije poprilično crna."

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Philip Fong/AFP Philip Fong/AFP Philip Fong/AFP Philip Fong/AFP Philip Fong/AFP Philip Fong/AFP Philip Fong/AFP Philip Fong/AFP Philip Fong/AFP Philip Fong/AFP Philip Fong/AFP Philip Fong/AFP Philip Fong/AFP Philip Fong/AFP Philip Fong/AFP Philip Fong/AFP Philip Fong/AFP Philip Fong/AFP
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StoryEditorOCM
Svijetpolitika ostala ista

Kako se živi u Fukushimi 10 godina nakon nuklearne katastrofe: mnogi stanovnici nikad se nisu vratili, na području oko elektrane još postoji opasnost od radijacije...

Piše Damjan Raknić/JL
9. ožujka 2021. - 15:41
17114140
PREMIUM
Galerija
Philip Fong/AFP

Kada su veliki potres i tsunami 11. ožujka 2011. pogodili Japan te uništili gradove i doveli do taljenja jezgre nuklearnog reaktora u elektrani Daiichi u prefekturi Fukushima, zaprepašteni građani svijeta gledali su kako se pokušava sanirati najgora nuklearna nesreća od one u Černobilskoj nuklearnoj elektrani koja se zbila 26. travnja 1986. godine.

Valovi koje je uzrokovao potres magnitude devet prema Richterovoj ljestvici zapljusnuli su sjeveroistočnu obalu Japana te ubili gotovo 20 tisuća ljudi i onemogućili rad nuklearne elektrane Daiichi. Radijacija koja se proširila zrakom natjerala je 160 tisuća stanovnika obližnjih gradova da pobjegnu, piše Reuters.

Neki, a među njima i tadašnji premijer Naoto Kan, tada su strahovali da će morati evakuirati i stanovnike Tokija, ali i...

#FUKUSHIMA#JAPAN#NUKLEARNA KATASTROFA#NUKLEARNA ELEKTRANA
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12. svibanj 2024 10:38